Exclude & Only

Exclude and Only narrow the set of columns that participate in a specific operation. Fields are referenced by pointer, same as when configuring columns.

GetFirst / GetList

Affect SELECT: excluded fields are never fetched and stay at their zero value.

// SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE …
u, _ := repo.GetFirst(ctx, func(m *User, h query.GetFirstHelper[User]) {
    h.Where().Field(&m.ID).EQ(id)
    h.Only(&m.ID, &m.Name)
})

// Opposite: fetch everything except the password
u, _ := repo.GetFirst(ctx, func(m *User, h query.GetFirstHelper[User]) {
    h.Where().Field(&m.ID).EQ(id)
    h.Exclude(&m.PasswordHash)
})

Tip

Excluded columns keep working in WHERE — this is metadata of the operation, not of the schema.

Insert

Affects INSERT: excluded fields don't appear in the statement — the database uses its DEFAULT.

repo.Insert(ctx, u, func(m *User, h query.InsertHelper[User]) {
    h.Exclude(&m.ID, &m.CreatedAt) // ID and CreatedAt are filled by the DB
})

Update

Affects SET: only the selected subset is touched.

// UPDATE users SET name = ? WHERE id = ?
repo.Update(ctx, u, func(m *User, h query.UpdateHelper[User]) {
    h.Where().Field(&m.ID).EQ(u.ID)
    h.Only(&m.Name)
})

Exclude works symmetrically — all fields except the listed ones are updated.

Interaction with With*Protection

Protected columns are always excluded from the matching operation, regardless of helpers. For example, OmitOnUpdate() on ID means ID never enters the SET — even if you explicitly pass it into Only. That's a schema property; Only/Exclude is a query property.